Sikh Empire, 1799
The Sikh Empire was formed in 1799 from a collection of small states in the Punjab, under Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s leadership, when he captured Lahore from the Afghans (Durrani Empire). It lasted until 1849, when it was defeated in the Anglo-Sikh wars and annexed by the British Empire. Its flag was triangular, saffron in colour with a green ornamental border.