The site of Afrasiyab, the oldest part and the ruined site of the ancient and medieval city of Samarkand, located on high ground for defensive reasons, south of a river valley and north of a large fertile area which has now became part of the city of Samarkand. The habitation of the territories of Afrasiyab began in the 7th-6th century BCE, as the centre of the Sogdian culture. It is now along the path from the Hazrat Khizr mosque to the Shah-i-Zinda complex.